1
Faculty Member, Interdisciplinary Qur’anic Studies Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran Iran.
2
M.A. in Qur’anic Sciences, Interdisciplinary Qur’anic Studies Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Verse 11 of Sūrat Al-Ṭāriq, وَالسَّمَاءِ ذَاتِ الرَّجْعِ , is among the verses whose scientific manifestations have been a subject of exegetical debate because of the semantic capacity of the two words Samā and Rajaʿ. Earlier exegetical manifestations, such as rain, natural cycles, the return of seasons, or the motion of celestial bodies, cover only part of the semantic capacity of the verse and are usually concerned with only one of the meanings of Rajaʿ or one of the manifestations of Samā. The main problem of the present study is to identify and propose a scientific manifestation for the Samā being dhāt al-rajaʿ that is compatible both with the intransitive and transitive meanings of Rajaʿ—returning and causing to return—and with the two material manifestations of Samā: the Earth’s atmosphere and outer space beyond the atmosphere. In response to this problem, the present study, using a descriptive–analytical method, first examines the meanings of the words Samā and Rajaʿ in lexical sources, then analyzes and categorizes the views of early and later exegetes concerning the verse, and finally, by drawing on the latest findings of modern cosmology and considering the context of the surah, proposes the “gravitational field” as a more comprehensive manifestation for the Samā being dhāt al-rajaʿ. This is because gravity, at the level of the Earth’s atmosphere, plays a role in the return of rain and the stability of the atmosphere, while on the cosmic scale it plays a role in orbital return and in the motion of celestial bodies along regular paths. Accordingly, a gravitational interpretation can present a single and coherent manifestation for the different semantic aspects of the verse and is also more closely consistent with the opening context of Sūrat Al-Ṭāriq.
Moradi,M and Nourbakhsh,F . (2026). Gravity and the Returning Sky: A Scientific Exegesis of Qur'an 86:11. Journal of Contemporary Studies on Religion and Science (JCSRS), 1(2), 1-18.
MLA
Moradi,M , and Nourbakhsh,F . "Gravity and the Returning Sky: A Scientific Exegesis of Qur'an 86:11", Journal of Contemporary Studies on Religion and Science (JCSRS), 1, 2, 2026, 1-18.
HARVARD
Moradi M, Nourbakhsh F. (2026). 'Gravity and the Returning Sky: A Scientific Exegesis of Qur'an 86:11', Journal of Contemporary Studies on Religion and Science (JCSRS), 1(2), pp. 1-18.
CHICAGO
M Moradi and F Nourbakhsh, "Gravity and the Returning Sky: A Scientific Exegesis of Qur'an 86:11," Journal of Contemporary Studies on Religion and Science (JCSRS), 1 2 (2026): 1-18,
VANCOUVER
Moradi M, Nourbakhsh F. Gravity and the Returning Sky: A Scientific Exegesis of Qur'an 86:11. JCSRS. 2026;1(2):1-18.